Emirate of Nekor
Emirate of Nekor إمارة بني صالح | |||||||||
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| 710–1019 | |||||||||
.gif) The Emirate of Nekor (yellow) at the time of the Idrisid dynasty. | |||||||||
| Status | Client state of the Umayyad Caliphate (710–750) | ||||||||
| Capital | Temsaman (710–760) Nekor (760–1019) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic Berber | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||
• 710–749 | Salih I ibn Mansur | ||||||||
• 947–970 | Jurthum ibn Ahmad | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | 710 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1019 | ||||||||
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| History of Morocco |
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| Historical Arab states and dynasties |
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The Emirate of Nekor or Salihid Emirate (Arabic: إمارة بني صالح, romanized: ʾImārat Banī Ṣāliḥ) was an Arab emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco. Its capital was initially located at Temsaman, and then moved to Nekor. The ruling dynasty was of Himyarite Arab descent from a certain companion of Uqba ibn Nafi (d. 683).[1] The emirate was founded in 710 CE by Salih I ibn Mansur through a Caliphate grant. Under his guidance, the local Berber tribes adopted Islam, but later deposed him in favor of one az-Zaydi from the Nafza tribe. They subsequently changed their mind and reappointed Ibn Mansur. His dynasty, the Banū Sālih, thereafter ruled the region until 1019.
The Emirate of Nakur was the first autonomous state in the Maghreb and the only one that adhered to Sunni Islam exclusively. Not much is known about the town of Nakur's archaeology outside the field survey and minor excavations conducted in the 1980s. The town has what may have been a mosque, a possible hammam, or public bathhouse, and two substantial walls. Ceramics excavated there include local productions and others that show its connections with Ifriqiya and al-Andalus.[2]
History
[edit]In 859, a major long-distance Viking expedition set out for Spain. They tried to land at Galicia and were driven off. Then they sailed down the west coast of the peninsula and burned the mosque at Seville, but were repelled by a large Muslim force there before entering the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar and burning the mosque at Algeciras, following which they headed south to Nekor, plundered the city for eight days,[3] and defeated a Muslim force that attempted to stop them.[4]
The Nekor kingdom comprised part of the Moroccan Rif and included the tribes of Zouagha and Djeraoua of Ibn Abī l-ʻAys, about five days' journey from Nekor. This area was flanked by the territory of the Matmata, Kebdana, Mernissa, Ghassasa of Mount Herek, and Quluʻ Jarra belonging to the Banū Urtendi. On the west, it extended to the Banū Marwan of Ghomara and the Banū Humayd and bordered the Mestassa and Sanhaja. Behind these lay the Awraba, the band of Ferhun, the Banū Walīd, the Zenata, the Banū Irnian and the Banū Merasen of the band of Qāsim, Lord of Sa. In the north, it was bounded by the sea, some five miles from Nekor.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Picard, Christophe (2018). Sea of the Caliphs. Harvard University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-674-66046-5.
- ^ Anderson, Glaire D.; Fenwick, Corisande; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (2017). "Introduction". In Anderson, Glaire D.; Fenwick, Corisande; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (eds.). The Aghlabids and their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa. BRILL. p. 27. ISBN 978-90-04-35604-7.
- ^ García Losquiño, Irene (2023). "Vikings in the Spanish Mediterranean: Measuring Impact Through Local Responses" (PDF). In Price, Neil; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Jahnke, Carsten (eds.). Vikings in the Mediterranean: Proceedings of an International Conference co-organized by the Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish Institutes at Athens, 27-30 November 2019. Athens: Norwegian Institute at Athens. p. 70. ISBN 978-618-85360-4-3.
- ^ Price, Neil (2008). "Spain, North Africa and the Mediterranean". In Brink, Stefan; Price, Neil (eds.). The Viking World. Routledge. pp. 465–466. ISBN 978-1-134-31826-1.